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IMF Report on El Salvador’s Bitcoin Adoption: Risks Averted, but Transparency Needed Skip to main content

IMF Report on El Salvador’s Bitcoin Adoption: Risks Averted, but Transparency Needed

According to a recent mission statement published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), El Salvador has adopted bitcoin as legal tender and has avoided risks so far. The IMF states that the risks have not materialized due to the limited use of bitcoin. However, the United Nations financial agency warns that if its legal tender status drives growth, it could pose risks to the country’s “financial integrity and stability.”

IMF Discusses El Salvador’s Bitcoin Legal Tender Status: Limited Use Averts Risks, but Growth Could Fuel Concerns

On Feb. 10, 2023, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released a concluding mission statement regarding El Salvador and its economy. The IMF visited San Salvador from Jan. 30 to Feb. 8 for the 2023 Article IV consultation. In the statement, the IMF discusses bitcoin adoption in El Salvador and states that “risks should be addressed.” Currently, the IMF acknowledges that the risks it raised in 2021 have mostly been avoided.

“While risks have not materialized due to the limited bitcoin use so far—as suggested by survey and remittances data—its use could grow given its legal tender status and new legislative reforms to encourage the use of crypto assets, including tokenized bonds (Digital Assets Law),” the IMF’s researchers detail. “In this context, underlying risks to financial integrity and stability, fiscal sustainability, and consumer protection persist, and the recommendations of the 2021 Article IV remain valid.”

El Salvador declared bitcoin as legal tender in September 2021, and since then, growth has been sluggish. The country has made regular bitcoin investments and added it to its treasury. However, the IMF emphasizes the need for more transparency in the government’s bitcoin purchases and the Chivo wallet, which is state-owned. “Greater transparency regarding the government’s bitcoin transactions and the financial status of the state-owned bitcoin wallet (Chivo) is crucial, particularly to evaluate underlying fiscal contingencies and counterparty risks,” the agency noted.

Besides the risks associated with bitcoin, the slow pace of its adoption, and adverse economic shocks, the Salvadoran economy grew rapidly last year, according to the IMF. The IMF estimates that the economy expanded by 2.8% in 2022. Amid mounting economic vulnerabilities in 2022, the IMF asserts that the Salvadoran Treasury still lacks access to international capital markets.

The IMF identifies two major issues that the Salvadoran government could address: implementing better Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) policies and increasing fiscal transparency.

What are your thoughts about the IMF’s recommendations for the country’s financial stability and integrity? Let us know what you think about this subject in the comments section below.

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